Rising power, anxious state

There are all indications to show that China is poised to become the world’s largest economy in the next few years. All this withstanding, the country is under threat to continue with this economic success because of various reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rising power, anxious state specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Resistance to reforms and the recent resurgence are some of the reasons that are bringing up an anxious state. Emotions are running high in the country on the perceived authoritarianism that has been gaining prominence as time goes by (The Economist 5). This was well captured by the prime minster who argued that socialism enhances decision making thereby making it possible for resources to accomplish big undertakings that touch on every citizen’s life. As much as the global power is shifting considerably in China’s favor, it has not done well at home as far as the mood of the minorities is concerned. The country has become an object of worry because of various reasons and these are aspects that need to be looked at. Chinese diplomats have been treating their counterparts with a lot of condescension and this is because of the perceived dominance of the communist party. The party should approve everything and these are some of the issues that have led to an anxious state though a rising power. The country’s leaders are always nervous and this can be explained from their increased spending on domestic security (The Economist 6). It should be known that the police have been launching assaults while increasing surveillance in neighborhoods in recent months. China risks entering into a middle income trap because of its population and this might bring problems because supply of labor in the countryside has been reducing as time goes by. State owned businesses have a lot of clout and this is worrying because of their political and economic influence. China is a rising power and this is undeniable based on its economic success and growth. As much as this is enviable, the country needs to open up to political and social reforms. There is no doubt that its model has been effective based on what the prime minter terms as effective decision making but people should be given space to express themselves. The government has been increasing its spending on domestic security and this confirms their fears. In this case, the middle income group is anxious of this issues and that is why the party is worried that things might go wrong based on uprisings that have been witnessed in the Arab world (The Economist 9). For instance, lawyers, activists and bloggers have been assaulted by the police to discourage any dissent. As much as these leaders might manage to silence the minority, the system is ultimately vulnerable.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country has disappointed those people who thought that its economic success and prowess will also come with political reforms and enhanced democratic space. Greater political freedom should be encouraged in the country to give it a new sense of direction and relief as much as it is successful economically. There is no doubt that the country’s economic success will be threatened by resurgence that needs to be checked. Political leaders should not be resistant to reforms because the middle class will not be held back for ever (The Economist 7). Peace and prosperity in China will depend on political reforms that will be undertaken in the next coming years. As a matter of fact, the good relationship between the middle class and the ruling party has waned considerably thereby raising concerns. As far as social security is concerned, the country still has a long way to go. Works Cited The Economist. Rising power, anxious state. 2011. Web. https://www.economist.c om/special-report/2011/06/25/rising-power-anxious-state This essay on Rising power, anxious state was written and submitted by user Miley Smith to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Differences Between Spanish and English Object Pronouns

5 Differences Between Spanish and English Object Pronouns Because both are Indo-European languages, the grammars of Spanish and English are quite similar. Even so, grammatical differences between the two languages abound. Among them is the way that object pronouns are treated. Here are five ways that Spanish deals with object pronouns in ways that might not seem familiar to English speakers: Direct vs. Indirect Pronouns In the third person, Spanish distinguishes between direct and indirect object pronouns. The English third-person object pronouns are him, her and it in the singular and them in the plural, and the same words are used whether the object is direct or indirect. (In the simplest sense, although the distinctions dont always line up in the two languages, a direct object is one that is acted upon by a verb, while an indirect object is one affected by a verbs action even though the action is directed at someone or something else.) But in standard Spanish (exceptions are explained in our lesson on leà ­smo), the pronouns are distinguished like this: Singular direct objects: lo (masculine), la (feminine).Plural direct object: los (masculine), las (feminine).Singular indirect object: le.Plural indirect object: les. So while the simple English sentences I found her and I sent her a letter use the same pronoun her, a distinction is made in Spanish. The first sentence would be La encontrà ©, where la is a direct object, while the second would be Le mandà © una carta with le being the indirect object. (Letter or carta is the direct object.) Attaching Pronouns to Verbs In Spanish, object pronouns can be attached to some verbs. The pronouns can be attached to three verb forms: infinitives, gerunds and affirmative commands. The pronoun is written as part of the verb, and sometimes a written accent is needed to maintain the correct pronunciation. Here is an example of each of the verb types with an attached pronoun: Infinitive: Voy a amarte por siempre. (Im going to love you forever.)Gerund: Seguà ­an mirndonos. (They kept on looking at us.)Command:  ¡Cllate! (You shut up!) Different Distinctions The distinction between direct and indirect objects is different in the two languages. Taking note of which verbs require the use of le or les would be beyond the scope of this lesson. But it can be said that many Spanish verbs use the indirect-object pronoun where the pronoun in English would be viewed as a direct object. For example, in the sentence Le pidieron su direccià ³n (They asked him for his address), le is an indirect object. But in English, him would be viewed as a direct object because he was the one who was asked. The same is true in Le pegà ³ en la cabeza (They hit him in the head). Using Pronouns Redundantly It is common in Spanish to use an object pronoun even when the noun represented by the pronoun is explicitly stated. Such a redundant use of the pronoun often occurs when the object is named and appears before the verb: A Chris  le gusta escuchar mà ºsica. (Chris likes listening to music. See more in the lesson on gustar.)Toda la ropa la tenemos en descuento. (We have all the clothing on sale.) Note that the redundant pronoun isnt translated to English. The pronoun also is used redundantly in some cases to add emphasis, or often because thats what sounds right to native speakers even if such use isnt mandatory: Lo conocemos bien a este seà ±or. (We know this man well.)Le dieron un regalo a la nià ±a. (They gave a present to the girl.) Using Pronouns Alone Instead of In Phrases Spanish sometimes uses an indirect object pronoun where English would use a phrase. In English we often indicate who or what was affected by a verbs action with phrases such as for me or to him. In Spanish, it may not be necessary to make a phrase. The case where doing so sounds most unfamiliar may be with the verb ser (to be). For example, in Spanish you could say No me es posible for It is not possible for me. But similar constructions are possible with other verbs as well. For example, Le robaron el dinero means They stole the money from him or They stole the money from her.

Marketing Is Easy to Define Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Is Easy to Define - Outline Example This paper stresses that marketing is considered as a process that would help identify products or services that would entice consumers through employing strategies that utilize business development, sales and communications. In essence, it is a process that entails businesses to establish strong consumer relationships and build value towards the business' consumers. Marketing is a process utilized to determine consumer markets, satisfy them and retain them. In that regard, it is important to identify the concept of customer satisfaction. In retrospect, as a means to achieve organizational goals, a business must be able to identify the needs and wants of the target market and in accordance with this, provide customer satisfaction. Apart from establishing good relationships, creating value towards the customer, this would be beneficial towards the business as well. This paper makes a conclusion that marketing can be defined as a constructive analysis of a business' customers, competitors and a company, which would be integrated into an understanding of what segmented markets are, assessing the profitable groups, effectively positioning products and services, which is then subsequently followed on the delivering what is required in product positioning and promotion. In effectively positioning a product, a marketing strategy must be employed. Through implementing appropriate brand and advertising techniques by means of various communication tools and instruments, marketing measures can be delivered.

Is the EU's Application of Its Emissions Trading Scheme to Aviation Article

Is the EU's Application of Its Emissions Trading Scheme to Aviation Illegal - Article Example The review to this literature is comprehensive. The authors give outlines of the ETS and further elaborate on each with recent research and literature findings where applicable. There is a perceptual sense of lack of fully detailed accounts regarding the cases involved despite the fact the necessary references carry weight (Bisset & Crowhurst, 2011). The authors try to explain the different outlines regarding ETS of which include the overview of the ETS, aviation in ETS, relevant EU legislation, procedural route, and lastly the case of the claimants. This last overview of the case of the claimants is further subdivided into four sub-categories namely, international customary law, convention of Chicago 1944; 16, the Kyoto protocol; 17 and finally the EU-US agreement on open skies 2007.18. The writers gave a better understanding of legalities both legally and illegally in a run-up to understanding the case studies involved. This is case study project is qualitative, and the authors use given cases to accomplish their studies. Usage of this method is evident in that the specifically mentioned cases are presented in the document to some detailed degree (Bisset & Crowhurst, 2011). The feeling here is that the authors have given a good account of the legalities. Hence making the objectives of the case study appropriate. The authors begin their case studies by providing cause of a dispute concerning why the EU wants to apply its emissions trading plan to aviation and what the repercussions could be. The authors use documentation gathered from the Internet while presenting these case studies.  

The Ideal Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Ideal Society - Essay Example Thus, in this regard, it can be affirmed that the roles of criminal justice system are also getting extended with the increase in the aforesaid factors (Hargraves, 2006; Davis, 1983). The different factors that are related to an ideal society, which comprise equality, justice and liberty are found to be interrelated with each other. This can be justified with reference to the fact that in order to maintain the balance of equality amid the people in a society, justice plays an indispensable role. In this regard, justice not only tends to punish a culprit but also provides the right judgment to the right one and maintains discipline in a society. Apart from these factors, the role play by the police, respective governments and military also contribute in forming an ideal society. The government, judicial, police and military are regarded as the legal representatives that possess certain constitutional rights (Hargraves, 2006; Davis, 1983). With this concern, the essay intends to discuss about various important aspects that contribute in establishing an ideal society and also a comparison will be made amid these factors to acquire a brief understanding about the current criminal justice system prevailing in a society. While discussing about the characteristics of law as well as order in an ideal society, it will be vital to mention that the prime intent of law is to keep a particular society running with following certain effective legal guidelines. Specially mentioning, to maintain harmony in a society, both law and order needs to be maintained at the optimum level. To make an ideal society, a society needs to be crime free. Thus, to attain this objective, the notion of criminal law and criminal justice system plays an imperative role. In this modern day context, the main feature of criminal justice system is observed to be prohibiting the conduct of illegal

Distribution Networks For Consumer Goods In India Marketing Essay

Distribution Networks For Consumer Goods In India Marketing Essay ABSTRACT In this paper we look into the various distribution networks employed by leading companies in the consumer goods sector. We try to find the benefits of different distribution network designs to various companies. The reason why these leading companies have decided upon that particular distribution network design will be found out in this particular paper.in this paper we see into the role of distribution networks in the supply chain of consumer goods. The companies we look into are Hindustan Unilever Limited, PepsiCo Limited and Nestle India Limited. Distribution networks are channels that move various kinds of products and services from one place to another. They are also known as marketing channels, they are made of independent organisations such as distributor, retailer, sales agents, etc. which are involved in the making of products and services and ensuring them to reach its final consumers. The concept of distribution network is a very wide concept of which distribution channel is just one component, they are tangible systems of interconnected sources and destinations through which products and services move on their way to final customers. Every distribution network has two parts: Places where the products and services are stored such as factories, warehouses, retail outlets, etc. a set of paths that connect these places such as land, sea, air, satellite, cable, internet, etc. Distribution networks can be categorized into complex and simple. A simple distribution networks the one which consists of a single demand and to fulfil that only a single source of supply and a fixed path that connect the source with other parts of the networks. Managers decide upon a particular distribution network based on what and how much they have to ship, based on internal purchasing and inventory consideration. In short distribution refers to the efforts done to move the products and services from the manufacturing plants to the final customers through the various independent organisations in between such as retailers and wholesalers. The main aim is to ensure the products reach the final consumers into the simplest way and also the cheapest way. A good distribution network provides a great competitive advantage to the firm whereas a bad distribution network can lead to the failure of even a very superior product. Hence a distribution network should be well chosen and a lot of thought process should go into it. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR CONSUMER GOODS The distribution networks that the companies usually use for consumer goods are the ones which use both the distributors or the wholesalers and the retailer and thats because it allows them exposure to the wide networks that wholesalers have already established. Products that are of low quantity and of common use are usually distributed via intermediaries and those products that are expensive are usually sold by the producer itself. Products that are heavy and bulky or are perishable are subjected to shorter distances and are distributed directly. The main aim in all of it is to reduce the cost as much as possible. Products such as electronic appliances need after sales service also to provide the customers all the relevant information to use it. The firms that produce large variety of products in large number may develop their own retail outlets and distribute their products through distribution centres whereas firms producing products in small quantity may contract wholesalers as intermediaries and get the products delivered to retailers to be sold to the end customers. For products that are newly launched they need a wider distribution network so that they can reach as many consumers as possible. They need to reach all the retailers before the marketing efforts start hence many intermediaries may be required. While products which are on the last few stages of their lifecycle may need less intermediaries because the sales and the demand drops down by this stage. Firms that are small in size may depend on few number of intermediaries various large firms may appoint large number of intermediaries for a wider distribution network. The type of intermediaries also affects the choice of distribution networks like a consumer goods producing firm may require intermediaries which could increase the sales of the products i.e. the middlemen that are well known and have a goodwill in the market and those who have large storage capacities for large volumes of products to be distributed. All the above discussed factors affect the decision on which distribution network to be chosen for consumer goods hence a manager should efficiently choose which middlemen to choose and what channel to follow for sending their products to maximum population of consumers in the minimum possible cost. LEADING CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS OPERATING IN INDIA Some of the leading consumer goods firms operating India may be: Hindustan Unilever Limited PepsiCo Limited Nestle India Limited HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED It is a subsidiary of UNILEVER which has market capitalization of $ 14 billion. It is an FMCG major which owns around 35 of Indias very powerful and trusted brands and is a market leader in many of the consumer goods categories such as dish wash, personal wash, fabric wash, skin care, hair wash, jams, packet teas, talcum powders, etc. and it is number second in the toothpaste, instant coffee and ketchup segment. HUL products are available at approximately seven million distinct outlets of the country, it is used in one of every twenty eight houses and fifty nine percent of these outlets are located in rural India. HUL also serves certain stores directly and that amounts to around one million and has a wide network of seven thousand stockists and distributors There are about 35 CFAs (Carry Forward Agents) appointed by HUL in the country who serve the stockists with the products. The trade mainly comprises of grocery stores, chemists, kiosks, wholesalers and general stores. It is known for providing tailor made services to all its distribution channel partners. They have about two thousand suppliers that supply to forty different manufacturing plants of HUL that are decentralized across two million sq meters of the territory. HULs approach to distribution is divided into 3 segments based on the accessibility of the area and the turnover per market: Direct coverage: under direct coverage HUL distributes its products from its manufacturing plants to the Carry Forward Agents. From there the products are transported to the stockist or the distributor and finally to the retailers. Indirect coverage: HUL has certain stockists for a group of villages located nearby, the products are first delivered to the stockists from the manufacturing plants and then they deliver the products to the villages around them. Streamline distribution: in areas of low accessibility but high turnover per market, the products are delivered to the distributor by the CFAs which delivers the products to sub-stockists in rural areas located in the villages itself, they are also known as the Star Sellers. In order to reach the rural population HUL started the PROJECT SHAKTI in 2000. Under this project HUL has partnered with Self Help Groups (SHG) of rural women who get trained by HUL and also get support from government agencies and NGOs and they first receive HUL products from the rural distributor and sell them to various villages. They are basically Shakti entrepreneurs commonly referred as Shakti Amma who have helped HUL extend its distribution network to around 80000 villages of India. PEPSICO LIMITED Pepsico entered India in 1989 and has since then grown to be one of the largest food and beverages company of the country. Pepsi owns many of the leading food and beverage brands of the country such as Pepsi, Mirinda, 7up, Aquafina, Gatorade, Tropicana, Slice, Leher, Dukes, Lays, Uncle chips, Kurkure, etc. For the distribution of their products they use the Direct Store Delivery (DSD) system which is the key method for distribution of products such as food and beverages, home and personal care products, etc. It is a type distribution process in which the companies ship their products directly from the manufacturing plant to the final consumers. Direct Store Delivery (DSD) system: Pepsico uses a system called GES which stands for geographical enterprise solution and it is the reshaping of the powerful direct store delivery system. In addition to great products and tremendous brands, the strength of Pepsicos DSD supply chain has been another driver of the companys success. DSD means that it brings their products directly to stores and then their employees put the products right on to the store shelves. This system has a multiple benefits: it ensures the company gets great penetration of all its products that the products are delivered safely and efficiently it also enables Pepsico to provide great service to its customers and gives them an opportunity to work directly with their customers to get the space they need to reach their consumers. DSD system is one of its greatest competitive advantages. The aim at GES was to use the latest technology and lean supply chain thinking to dramatically improve their DSD system and ensure that they could support another 30 plus years of growth. For their customers they have improved their service and accuracy and dramatically improved their ability to bring new items to the market. For their consumers they will be able to improve their products freshness by over one week and get unique products that they want at their store instead of just a general line up of products. As the product is made at their plants from where it is then sent to large distribution centres in the metro areas, also to the distribution centres in the rural markets. Now in this model store orders are either picked at the distribution centre or even at the back of the road truck. Once the orders are placed they are then sent to the stores on the familiar trucks that one sees on the road today. Their sales team members are limited by the number of line items that they can carry based on whats in a distribution centre or on the truck and that means their customers dont always have full access to their full line of products. Well GES changes all of that. With GES the orders are not placed at the distribution centres but are hand held and are transmitted back at the manufacturing plant and the plants are now all fitted with the latest automated picking technology where these orders get assembled. Once they are assembled they can now take the large format orders to the stores like Big Bazaar or other super markets and they can go directly from plant to stores completely bypassing distribution centres altogether. This is the most efficient supply chain possible direct from plant to store. It also enables their customers to choose from their full line of product offerings as they no longer can be limited by what the distribution centre or the truck can carry. For small format customers like seven eleven our other stores things are slightly different. In this scenario they ship orders to small cross dock facilities called product exchange centres. Once the product gets there it is then transferred on 12 truck s and driven to stores by their own sales people. So since they no longer carry inventory on their trucks they are able to use much smaller vehicles and reduce drive mile and that helps them improve their environmental footprint. The other important benefit of GES is that their plant based pick centres are being configured to handle over a 1000 line items which is more enough to handle their growth in the next 10 to 20 years. The pick centres that enable them to pick orders at this scale are in the form of large pallets and are automatically depalletised. Once all the cases are picked, they find their way into the collection area where they are automatically released in exact store order to get to their delivery trucks and not only are they in store order but they are also ordered just like they are at the shelves in the stores. So it makes it very efficient to merchandise their product at the store. Pepsico also uses other methods of distribution such as Broker Warehouse Distribution (BWD) in which it delivers its products and services to the distributors and from there to the retailers. It also uses Vending and Food Service (VFS) which is method according to which Pepsico distributes its products to the restaurants. NESTLE INDIA LIMITED It is the worlds number one health and wellness company. It was established in 1866 in Switzerland. Since then it has delighted its customers worldwide. It is well known for its distribution all over the world and also in India. Its aim is to provide its customers with the tastiest and the most nutrient filled foods and beverages night and day. It has wide spread distribution network all over India covering all the major states and cities and also most of the villages. The company has divided its distributors into two categories i.e. trade distributors and the chocolate distributors. Trade distributors deal with products such as Maggi, Nestle Dahi, etc. whereas the chocolate distributors deal with products such as chocolates, sweets, etc. Every distributor has appointed a person who goes to various outlets every few days i.e. once or twice a week based on the type of area. They take the order from the outlets and either delivers it at the very moment or may be next day. It is assumed that any retailer has a limited amount of money to buy products for a particular day. Hence Nestle believes that sending more than one retailer would be more beneficial as the retailer shells out limited money for a single distributor and hence more distributors will get more number of orders. They have also started an operation STING under which their sales representatives go on bicycles and sell small amounts of products to outlets that are small and not much catered to like pan walas, etc. The stocks that are manufactured at the plants and then packaged finally for shipment are delivered to the mother godowns at various places. The stocks from the mother godowns are sent to the Carry and Store Agents (CS) where they are stored as a property of Nestle. The money for the stocks are given as guidelines given to the CS and the Cash Distributors (CD) via invoicing. Along with the main products they also store with them give aways and support materials such as stickers and free gifts, etc. Note: the wholesalers are not a part of the formal structure of Nestle Indias distribution network for NCR. They make bulk purchases from the distributors directly thereby leveraging on the margins. The products and services of Nestle India Limited are first manufactured in the factory and transferred using a Transfer Challan to the Mother Godown (one for a large geographical area). From the Mother Godown the stocks are transferred to the Carry and Stock Agents (CS) using a Transfer D.A. Till here the stocks are a company property. Then via invoicing the stocks are transferred to the Cash Distributors and finally to the Stockists. At these stages the ownership of the stock transfers from the company to the Cash Distributors and Stockists. Transport: in order to carry perishable food and beverage items such as milk, curd, etc. the company ensures a transport system having refrigeration facilities on board. The company also has cold storage facilities at its Mother Godowns at various locations so that the goods do not get spoilt during storage even for a few hours. Hence the company ensures that the health factor remains intact. They have dedicated Air Conditioned Vans for the transport of products like chocolates from the Mother Godown to the Cash Distributors. The following is the transport system being used by the company: Selection of distributors: The various distributors are selected based on certain criteria which are as follows: Capital investment: the distributors are selected based on the money they invest and also the money they can invest in the business in the future. It is not only based on the turnover that is necessary in the present but also in the future. This is also based on the amount of growth the company is expecting in that particular area. The amounts required may change from region to region. Relevant experience: according to the company norms it is vital that the distributor that they choose should be having some past experience of being a distributor in the FMCG sector. The main aim here is that the company will not have to give him any training in the same field. The company also aims at selecting dedicated distributors hence it ensures that the distributor it chooses does not work for a competitor so that it only focuses in distributing products of Nestle. For example if choosing a distributor for Nestle milk products it would select a distributor who already distributes Nestle products such as Maggi so that he is dedicated towards entire range of products and not only a particular SKU. Infrastructure: the distributor should be having the necessary infrastructure required for storing and distributing the various products such as cold storage, sales men, warehouses, transport vehicles, etc. However there are no fixed guidelines for selecting a particular distributor. The company has the discretion to select a particular distributor based on the region or the market it is serving or planning to serve. Incentives to the Distributors 2) scheme spread over 2-3 months: the distributors are given monetary benefits such as extra margin of 2-3 % if the sales targets set are achieved and the growth rate is high for example a 15 % growth rate means a distributor having Rs 1 lac sales will have more benefit than one having Rs 25000 sales. The benefits can also be in kind such as free gifts on achieving targets. It is always kept in mind that even with such rewards he gets monetary benefit for example by selling it. 3) Certificates: distributors achieving targets are also given certificates of acknowledgment which they may frame in their shops as a certificate from a company like Nestle is valued by everyone. Motivation of Channel Partners Proud to be Nestle The company keeps on coming up with schemes to give rewards to the distributors for achieving targets and also to build good and long term relations with its distributors. One such scheme that became successful was Proud to be Nestle Super awards for super achievers! launched on March 30, 2002. They are all open for the following: Area Sales Managers Sales Officers Cash Distributors Pallet Salesmen (these are the officials that work under the sales officers in order to enable him to handle a wider area of distribution.) Distributor Salesmen (these are sales men who work under the distributors are hence paid indirectly by the company) Merchandisers How does it work? Step 1: the following are the criteria that need to be fulfilled: The targets need to fulfilled to the 100% for the quarter III RDBN turnover growth should be at least 10% in the last year Quarter II. Duration should be: Invoicing: 01/04/2011 29/06/2011 RD: 02/03/2011 23/06/2011 Step 2: all the ASMs that fulfill the above criteria are then ranked on the basis of an index number. INDEX = % RD turnover growth * absolute value increase Step 3: now prizes are awarded to the top ASMs. The winning team comprises of: All Sales Officers in the ASM team 2 top ranked Cash Distributors in each Sales Officer Zone (Index = %RD growth * absolute turnover increase) Two distributor salesmen in each of the top two Cash Distributors The sales officers on the basis of the quality of merchandising achieved select a merchandiser to be awarded. The awards are mentioned in the table below: RDBM T/O growth achieved SO CD PS DS Merchandisers 20% + 5500 3500 2300 2000 1200 15-19.99% 4500 2500 1800 1500 1100 10-14.99% 3500 1800 1300 1000 1000 The ASM teams are ranked at the top win certificates and trophies. Evaluation When a distributor gets selected he is evaluated based on his sales targets but he does not lose business from the company until he under performs for a long period of time. Also the targets vary based on the region where he is located because each area may have a different sales projected. DISTRIBUTION IN PRACTICE (DIP) TRAINING For the distributor and the Carry Forward Agents there are training programs offered by the companies to the give them the in depth knowledge of the business aspects. Following are the training programs Quality System Good Warehousing Practices (GWP) Good Distribution Practices. Major aspects of the program include: Stacking as per norms: First In First Out (FIFO) method is used for Inventory management. The pallets are arranged in an orderly manner that too away from the walls so that they do not get spoilt or damaged. Also there is enough space between the pallets to move around freely. Good Warehousing Practices Security Fire Fighting: special precautions are taken to prevent damage by fire and also appropriate measures are taken to fight fire. Control of Pests Cleanliness/Tidiness Temperature record and maintenance at the Air Conditioned Godowns Proper ventilation All the taxes and licenses are given as per the government norms Transportation: availability of reliable sources of transportation to and from the godowns or warehouses. Proper Loading / unloading: proper loading and unloading of the pallets take place. It is either automated or the labour is given proper training and instructions to handle them with care. Remittance: the remittance is deposited on a timely basis. The warehouses have a record of all the Sales Tax given and the exemption certificates Accounting The record of Receipts and the data of dispatches are maintained in registers for refrence whenever required. In case of shortages they are handled seperately. The Carry Stock Agents are responsible for handling the Sales tax and the Octroi. A different registered is maintained for the freely distributed material. All the expenses that take place are handled by the Carry Stock Agents which are then paid back to them by the company. Handling of Bad Goods: The good and the bad or spoilt goods are separated from each other and are accordingly marked salable or not salable. Temperature control: there are special provisions for Air Conditioned warehouses for products like milk products and chocolates and also vehicles that have a facility for cold storage. CONCLUSION As seen above that the consumer goods in India usually use a distribution network that has few number of intermediaries in between as these are fast moving goods and need some middlemen to make it possible to reach far away locations in minimum time possible. For a company like HUL the products are not perishable and a delay by one or two days can be tolerated. But when it comes to a company like PepsiCo and Nestle they have certain perishable food and beverage items that need to be transported quickly and safely. Hence this means food and beverage firms have their warehouses located nearby so that transport doesnt take much time or they may even use faster modes of transport such as railway, etc. but for a company like HUL the warehouses may be a little far away with slower modes of transport. Hence according to the needs of the firm and the type of products or services a distribution network is well chosen to be competitive and better serve the customers. The main aim always is to deliver the products safely in the minimum cost possible.

Preventing Marine Engine Pollution :: Marine Engines Environmental Essays

Preventing Marine Engine Pollution Currently 12 million marine engines are operated in the United States. These marine engines are among the highest contributors of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in many areas of the country. HC and NOx produce ground-level ozone, which irritates the respiratory system causing chest pain and lung inflammation. Ozone can also aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma. Boaters can join many others who are working to make a difference in preventing pollution from marine engines. Improving the Marine Engine The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is working to develop and implement emission standards for commercial and recreational marine engines. The marine industry has been working to develop technology for a new generation of low emission, high performance engines. Recreational boaters will begin seeing this new generation of engines in coming years. Boaters Can Prevent Pollution Even with the new technology, the cooperation of individual boaters is essential in the effort to improve air quality and prevent pollution. Boaters can make a difference that will help protect the environment now and in the future by adopting the following practices: ï‚ · Limit engine operation at full throttle. ï‚ · Eliminate unnecessary idling. ï‚ · Avoid spilling gasoline. ï‚ · Use a gasoline container you can handle easily and hold securely. ï‚ · Pour slowly and smoothly. ï‚ · Use a funnel or a spout with an automatic stop device to prevent overfilling the gas tank. ï‚ · Close the vent on portable gas tanks when the engine is not in use or when the tank is stored. ï‚ · Transport and store gasoline out of direct sunlight in a cool, dry place. ï‚ · Use caution when pumping gasoline into a container at the gas station. ï‚ · Carefully measure the proper amounts of gasoline and oil when refueling. ï‚ · Follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule. ï‚ · Prepare engines properly for winter storage. ï‚ · Buy new, cleaner marine engines. By combining these strategies, boaters can reduce pollution from marine engines and help improve air quality across the nation and protect public health. What are the human health and welfare effects of these pollutants? The engines that are covered by this proposal contribute to ozone formation and ambient PM and CO levels. These pollutants are subject to our National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and states that exceed NAAQS levels are required to take measures to reduce emissions. In addition, these engines also emit Mobile Source Air Toxics.

History & stories of success Essay

History is shaped by stories of success and failure in foreign policy. What we however fail, as the public, to really perceive is the cause behind the success or failure of an operation. The reason behind either situation lies in the investigative work thousands of agents, analysts and governmental officials conduct. Intelligence is a very essential source of valuable information for the governments who base their actions mainly on these reports. But what happens if the intelligence and analytical work is wrong? What are the possible consequences of conducting a foreign policy operation based on wrong intelligence? Is it possible that intelligence can be in this way intentionally misrepresented to serve the goals of a policy that would otherwise not have been approved of by the public as some conspiracies claim? And what kind of real life intelligence failure events has history known as a direct result of false information? Intelligence failure can have disastrous consequences on large numbers of people and hurt both the image and well-doing of a nation. The most renowned cases of intelligence failure in recent history are the WMD false reports in Iraq, the 9/11 intelligence failure to prevent the event and the famous war of Vietnam whose failure has and continues to brand the American foreign policy as doubtful. Each of these events has had its impacts on the regular lives of millions of people both in the United States and in places as far as Afghanistan and Iraq. And each of these events has lead to the death of thousands of American citizens, soldiers and millions of foreign citizens. Could this have been avoidable if the intelligence did not fail? Intelligence in its broadest definition is information and in the case of politics it means information that sheds light on the field of national security threats. It follows therefore that intelligence gathering is essential to the functioning of any country and in the case of the United States as a world super power, it is critical and existential. But as stated before intelligence failure has damaged the image of the United States in an almost un-repairable manner. The wrong reports about the presence of WMD in Iraq for instance lead to the killing of hundreds of thousands and the destabilization of a region that has become as a result the hotbed of terroristic activity. Failing to gather the intelligence needed to know beforehand about 9/11 and be able to prevent it lead also to the death of thousands of Americans and the invasion of Afghanistan; an action whose consequences is too detailed to go into now. Vietnam is an older case but remains nevertheless interesting to look closely at since the consequences of the intelligence failure in this case lead to the death of millions and a war that went on for twenty five years. It is ironic to reflect on the fact that this started with a wrong report from the intelligence agency, something that has lead the conspiracies to target the United States for creating cheap excuses to invade other countries and thereby damaged it international reputation. The Vietnam War was fought between the communist North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam that was supported by the USA. The war was a war between capitalism and communism. It was a war between the Soviet Union and the United States. It was a struggle for world wide power between two superpowers engaged in a heated competition that has come to be characterized and termed as the era of the Cold War. The USA declared to have entered the war to prevent communism from taking over the south of Vietnam but historians and political analysts have since then come up with critical arguments on how the war initially started based on wrong intelligence. President Johnson was officially granted permission to attack the Vietcong after the intelligence received about a supposed second attack on U. S naval vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin. The attacks actually never happened and the war was thus based on a false report. The Tonkin incident lead to major US involvement in the region that would continue for another quarter of a century. The intelligence reports were simply misinterpreted. The intercept that apparently proved the second attack was wrongly translated according to recently published records of the account. The Vietnamese word â€Å"military operations† can also mean â€Å"long movement† and what the intercept actually refers to is not a second attack on U. S naval vessels but just the presence of two North Vietnamese patrol boats at a distance. What remains critically confusing in the aftermath of such an explanation is the government’s response to the event. Johnson moved the USA into a war that lasted for years and cost billions of dollars and thousands of American and Vietnamese lives on the foundation of a wrong and unverified intelligence report that has come to be one of the most embarrassing intelligence failures in U. S history. The question is how could this happen? How does intelligence failure occur? Intelligence failures can be categorized into several groups. Overestimation of information is the first case. The exaggeration of a report can lead to wrong conclusions and thus an intelligence failure. This happened in the Tonkin. The opposite case of underestimation of intelligence where the governmental agencies misinterpret the information and therefore give the enemy an opportunity to stay a step ahead is also possible. Over-confidence is the third case. The USA displayed too much confidence in the perfection of its intelligence system and its ability to win the war quickly. Overestimation and over-confidence lead to the disastrous war of Vietnam that could all have been preventable if the intelligence was verified accurately. Intelligence failure can be caused by several factors all affected by the political atmosphere and sentiments regarding the target of the intelligence. Prejudice and fear can obstruct the judgment and bring about an underestimation or overestimation of the enemy’s potential and intentions. This is how intelligence failure occurs and its consequences are the best exemplified in the case of Vietnam, Iraq and 9/11. The results of misinterpreted or missed intelligence can cause a lot of damage to a country and the United States as a world power needs to pay extra attention to the effectiveness of its intelligence regarding the effects a wrong foreign policy move can have on its status and power. References Grier, P. (2008). Declassified study puts Vietnam events in new light. Retrieved July 1,2009, from http://www. csmonitor. com/2008/0109/p04s01-usmi. html Goodman, MA. (2008). Failure of intelligence: the decline and fall of the CIA. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Reynolds, P. (2004). Long History of intelligence failures. Retrieved July 2, 2009, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/3883605. stm

The Computer and the Mind essays

The Computer and the Mind essays Cognitive science is a multidisciplinary field, comprising cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology. In recent years, cognitive science has become a predominant paradigm in studies of the mind. Cognitive science incorporates concepts and methods from philosophy, cognitive psychology etc., whereas behaviorism dominated the psychological sciences during the first part of this century. Cognitive scientists are interested in mental structures and processes of the mind. Several individuals have attempted more rigorous definitions of cognitive science. A computational view emphasizes that, cognitive science, sometimes explicitly, and sometimes implicitly, tries to elucidate the workings of the mind by treating them as computations, not necessarily of the sort that is carried out be the digital computer, but of a sort that lies within broader theory of computation (Johnson-Laird, 1988). Restrictive definitions of cognitive science however, include only one or other divergent models that cognitive scientists have developed. Early cognitive scientists viewed the mind as a processor, similar to the early digital computer. The mind was seen as a passive recipient of information, which was registered in a short-term memory, and perhaps encoded in long-term memory. More recent cognitive scientists have pointed out that the mind is a parallel processor, and have emphasized that mental structures are active and that they occur within a particular context. Such work may be excluded by a definition of cognitive science that focuses on information processing and computation. Cognitive science models typically specify cognitive architecture in one of two ways, symbolic and connectionist. The elements of symbolic systems are symbols, which are stored in associative constructs. The elements of connectionist parallel processing models have been developed. The development o...

Load a DLL From a Resource Directly From Memory

Load a DLL From a Resource Directly From Memory Article idea by Mark E. Moss The article how to store a DLL inside a Delphi program exe file as a resource explains how to ship a DLL with your Delphi application executable file as a resource. Dynamic link libraries contain sharable code or resources, they provide the ability for multiple applications to share a single copy of a routine (or resource) they have in common. Using resource (.RES) files, you can embed (and use) sound files, video clips, animations and more generally any kind of binary files in a Delphi executable. Loading DLLs From Memory if a DLL stored in a RES can be used without first saving it on the file system (hard disk) According to the article Loading a DLL from memory by Joachim Bauch, this is possible. Heres how Joachim looks at the issue: The default windows API functions to load external libraries into a program (LoadLibrary, LoadLibraryEx) only work with files on the filesystem. Its therefore impossible to load a DLL from memory. But sometimes, you need exactly this functionality (e.g. you dont want to distribute a lot of files or want to make disassembling harder). Common workarounds for this problems are to write the DLL into a temporary file first and import it from there. When the program terminates, the temporary file gets deleted. The code in the mentioned article is C, the next step was to convert it to Delphi. Luckily, this has already been done by Martin Offenwanger (the author of DSPlayer). Memory Module by Martin Offenwanger is an extended Delphi (and also Lazarus) compatible version of Joachim Bauchs C Memory Module 0.0.1. The zip package includes the complete Delphi source code of the MemoyModule (BTMemoryModule.pas). Furthermore theres a Delphi and sample included to demonstrate how to use it. Loading DLLs From Resources From Memory If a demo DLL is stored as a resource using the RC file: DemoDLL RCDATA DemoDLL.dll varms : TMemoryStream;rs : TResourceStream;beginif 0 FindResource(hInstance, DemoDLL, RT_RCDATA) thenbeginrs : TResourceStream.Create(hInstance, DemoDLL, RT_RCDATA);ms : TMemoryStream.Create;tryms.LoadFromStream(rs);ms.Position : 0;m_DllDataSize : ms.Size;mp_DllData : GetMemory(m_DllDataSize);ms.Read(mp_DllData^, m_DllDataSize);finallyms.Free;rs.Free;end;end;end; varbtMM: PBTMemoryModule;beginbtMM : BTMemoryLoadLibary(mp_DllData, m_DllDataSize);tryif btMM nil then Abort;m_TestCallstd : BTMemoryGetProcAddress(btMM, TestCallstd);if m_TestCallstd nil then Abort;m_TestCallstd(This is a Dll Memory call!);exceptShowmessage(An error occoured while loading the dll: BTMemoryGetLastError);end;if Assigned(btMM) then BTMemoryFreeLibrary(btMM);end; Have / Create a DLLStore the DLL in a RES fileHave BTMemoryModule implementation.Grab the DLL from the resource and load it directly into memory.Use BTMemoryModule methods to execute procedure from the DLL in memory. BTMemoryLoadLibary in Delphi 2009, 2010, ... The linked BTMemoryModule.pas does not work with Delphi 2009 (and I would assume Delphi 2010 also).I found a similar version of the BTMemoryModule.pas file a while ago, and made changes so it works with (at least) Delphi 2006, 2007 and 2009. My updated BTMemoryModule.pas, and a sample project, are at BTMemoryLoadLibary for Delphi 2009

Responsibilities of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Responsibilities of Management - Essay Example The organizations should recognize the importance of equality in workplace, which motivates the employees to improve their performance. Management is the art of getting things done by the people for achieving the desired objectives. What a manager does is also called management. It is the process of planning, organizing, directing, staffing, co-coordinating, reporting and budgeting. The levels of management are of three types. They are top level management, middle level management and lower level management. The main responsibility of a manager is to control the entire organization. The important responsibilities are encouraging employees, making sure that employees achieve the organizational objectives, controlling the activities and looking after the employees, making sure that resources are used in the best possible manner. That means usages of resources in most productive way, minimizing waste, and making sure of efficient use of time. The human resources manager plays a very important role in organizational hierarchy in between top level management to bottom level management. The important responsibilities of h uman resource manager are as follows. The human resource manager controls the employees and he is responsible for monitoring, guiding, and encouraging them in the best possible manner. He provides very good support to the selection of staff who meets the organizational standard. To sustain the competitive advantages the following factors should be maintained. They are performance management, providing training, reward, and recognition to staff, retention of employees, implementation and supervision of human resource policies and making sure of availability of human resources to accomplish the organizational objectives. â€Å"Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. Common stress reactions include tension, irritability, inability to

Library Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Library Research Assignment - Essay Example Using this business model, the company can sell its products to the customers present in different parts of the world. An appropriate business model is one of the key necessities in upgrading a company to the world of e-commerce. Benefits of the Website for the Company E-Business means running a business using internet technologies in order to improve the level of profits, as well as to expand the business. In today’s world of competition, it has become the need of every retailer to have online presence to increase the level of sales. In this regard, website plays the role of the most important player as it is the main way to make people aware of the products and services being offered by the company. As Holub (2005) asserts, â€Å"one of the easiest ways to help your business gain more exposure and potential customers is to have a professionally developed website† (p. 1). Our company, A to Z Laptops, will also make use of a website for marketing purposes. The company w ill have an attractive website which will be placed on the most famous search engines, such as, Yahoo and Google in order to be searchable for general users in a convenient manner. The website will perform all key business operations that include marketing, sales, customer support, and internal communications. The website will also reduce the need of having a physical location for trading. A perfectly designed and user-friendly website will provide a lot of benefits to A to Z Laptops. Some of these benefits include increased volume of sales through attracting more customers, improved and efficient customer service, increased business credibility, and reduced business operating cost. Benefits of Internet for the Company Some of the main benefits of internet for A to Z Laptops include internet marketing to enable the business reach international markets, online communication system to serve customers’ queries, and email system to improve customer service. A to Z Laptops can use many methods to sell its services to the customers. Some of the most popular ways include classified ads, internet marketing, selling through company’s website, and email marketing. Online ads and promotions hold a key place in internet marketing. A to Z Laptops can use promotion techniques and ads placed over famous websites and search engines to make people aware of the products of the company. The company can also make use of emails as a direct marketing tool. As Williams (2012) states, â€Å"e-mail marketing is the oldest method to reach the prospects and maintain goodwill in the market† (p. 1). The company’s officials can use emails to send relationship-building and personalized messages to the targeted population. A major benefit of direct marketing is that it reduces marketing costs (Ojha, 2012). The company cal also use social networking websites to improve the process of socialization and increase public awareness about new technologies. Such websites are a great way to reach a large number of people (Hawkins, 2012). Functional Specifications The key electronic business processes of A to Z Laptops will include internet marketing, electronic processing of order, and electronic customer service. We will establish our contacts with the online suppliers of the computer accessories and laptops to ensure provision of items to customers on the due date and time. We will put a link in the